The Three Seas Initiative – Croatia, the War, and the Future

Three Seas Initiative Summit 2017
Photo: screenshot

US President Donald Trump attended the 2017 summit of the Three Seas Initiative in Poland on Thursday 6 July, which is hoped to boost economic ties between the United States and the ex-communist countries of central and Eastern Europe.

The Three Seas Initiative is a joint Polish-Croatian project, launched in 2016, with the aim of strengthening trade, infrastructure, energy and political co-operation among countries bordering the Adriatic, the Baltic and the Black Sea.

The following 12 countries are part of the initiative: Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Croatia, Slovenia and Austria.

Most of the 12 countries were in the Soviet sphere of influence after World War Two until 1989 and more than half of those joined the European Union in 2004, while Croatia joined in 2013. Nearly all are heavily reliant on Russian gas and oil imports and the Three Seas Initiative intends to usher in an independence from Russian energy supplies.

On the sidelines of the Summit of the Three Seas Initiative, Croatia’s President Grabar-Kitarovic held a bilateral meeting with the President of the United States of America Donald Trump with whom she discussed bilateral issues, the situation in South East Europe, energy and energy security, transatlantic relations, the fight against terrorism and uncontrolled migration and the future of the European Union after Brexit.

The President of Croatia told the US President Trump that Croatia appreciates the American position that the issue of the border between Croatia and Slovenia is a bilateral issue.

Croatian President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic said Poland’s north-western Świnoujście LNG terminal and one planned on the island of Krk in Croatia would be connected in order to secure regional energy independence.

U.S. President Donald Trump talks to Croatian President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic as Romanian President Klaus Iohannis looks on during the Three Seas Initiative Summit in Warsaw, Poland July 6, 2017. REUTERS/Carlos Barria

Grabar-Kitarovic said the two gas terminals would not be in competition, but that they would complement each other.

U.S. President Donald Trump, in a meeting with Croatian President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic in Warsaw, “expressed support for timely completion of the Krk Island liquefied natural gas facility” as the nation seeks to diversify its energy sector, the White House said in a statement on Thursday.

Trump also urged Grabar-Kitarovic “to do everything possible to advance regional reconciliation” in the western Balkans, the White House said.

The President of the Republic of Croatia Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović moderated the Transatlantic session in Warsaw.

From the Croatian President’s website:
“US President Donald Trump emphasised that the Three Seas Initiative can help in constructing energy infrastructure in Central and Eastern Europe, mentioning explicitly a floating terminal for liquefied natural gas (LNG) on the Croatian island of Krk. “I congratulate your states for having already commenced key projects that will remove obstacles and enable better access to energy markets and better energy connectivity. One of these projects is also a floating LNG terminal on the Croatian island of Krk,” said US President Trump speaking at the opening of the Summit in Warsaw, where the leaders of twelve Central and East European countries have met.

The Summit of the Three Seas Initiative in Warsaw, where President Trump is the guest of honor, is devoted to strengthening concrete trade, infrastructural, energy and political cooperation in the area between the Adriatic, Baltic and Black Sea. He called the Summit “historic,” emphasizing that this part of Europe has special significance for him. “As you know, my wife comes from Slovenia and she loves Slovenia,” said the US President.

He expressed that the United States’ support to this meeting and the Initiative can help in creating a sustainable and accessible energy market and can bring citizens prosperity. “Allow me to say on behalf of the American people that we stand behind the states of the Three Seas Initiative, we support you in your efforts to create greater prosperity, construct infrastructure and I welcome this historic chance for deepening economic partnership with your region,” he said.

Three Seas Initiative
2017 Transatlantic meeting in Warsaw
Photo: screenshot

The Three Seas Initiative is a joint Croatian-Polish project launched in the summer of 2016 at the meeting in Dubrovnik with the objective to strengthen trade, infrastructural, energy and political cooperation in the area between the Adriatic, Baltic and Black Seas.

The Initiative is designed as an informal platform for ensuring political support and action in concrete projects, and gathers twelve states – Croatia, Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Slovenia and Austria. The Initiative is strongly supported by the United States and China.

President Grabar-Kitarovic said that in Europe, there is still a need to eliminate “artificial divisions in ‘old’ and ’new’, ‘eastern’ and ‘western’ Europe” even after the “iron curtain” was physically removed its remnants are still felt in a fragmented Central Europe.

“We are Central Europe and we want to be central to the European Union and transatlantic community, just as any other Euro-Atlantic country. We don’t want to be part of the periphery,” stated the President of Croatia.

She emphasized that the Three Seas Initiative “is an informal and flexible Presidential platform to exchange views and connect businesses and people through concrete projects and initiatives.”

She added that this is not “against” something but rather something “for”. “Our goal is to work on connecting our countries for the sake of the cohesion of Europe and the Euro-Atlantic community, because together we are stronger,” indicated President Grabar-Kitarovic.
Fare well – Three Seas Initiative. Ina Vukic

Croatia: BABS Forum Takes Charge Of Central-Eastern Europe Destiny

BABS Forum Dubrovnik 2016 From left: Presidents of Hungary Janos Ader, Lithuania Dalia Grybauskaite, Poland Andrzej Duda, Croatia Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic, Bulgaria Rosen Plevneliev and Slovenia Borut Pahor Photo: HINA

BABS Forum Dubrovnik 2016
From left First Row: Presidents of Hungary Janos Ader,
Lithuania Dalia Grybauskaite,
Poland Andrzej Duda, Croatia Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic,
Bulgaria Rosen Plevneliev and Slovenia Borut Pahor
Photo: HINA

“The area of the Adriatic, Baltic and Black Sea is Europe’s lifeblood and around 50 billion Euros investment will be needed for its future development”, said the Croatian president Kolinda Grabar Kitarovic at the opening of the Baltic-Adriatic-Black Sea (BABS) Forum 2016 with her Polish colleague Andrzej Duda in Dubrovnik, Croatia, on Thursday, 25th of August.

‘Twelve EU member countries– Austria, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia surrounded by the three seas have had great opportunities to strengthen cooperation that would benefit not only these twelve EU country members but the whole European Union”, emphasised Grabar Kitarovic.

The presidents attending the round table debate called “The Three Seas Initiative” in Dubrovnik adopted a declaration constituting a political framework for support to concrete projects designed to help Central and Eastern Europe develop to the level of other EU countries.

Croatia’s President
Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic at BABS 2016 opening
Dubrovnik 25 – 26 August 2016
Photo: Dubrovnik Times

“In order to achieve the average of the European Union we must face a number of challenges, underlined President Grabar-Kitarović. Speaking about the challenges, the President referred to the demographic situation and issue of large scale emigration of young people, the new security challenges that face this part of Europe, the challenge of Brexit and centrifugal forces and fragmentation that can be felt in the European Union. ‘We have to prove to our citizens that the EU delivers on the issues vital to them: jobs, mobility and security. I would dare to claim that this Initiative can deliver on all the mentioned issues,’ emphasized President Grabar-Kitarović.
In that sense, the President emphasised key points of the Three Seas Initiative, an informal platform to strengthen the overall political, economic, infrastructure and security cooperation in authentic Central Europe. She spoke of the goals of the Initiative – to establish a framework for decisive action in securing political support for specific cross-border strategic projects of interest to the States involved, without creating a parallel structure to the existing European and transatlantic associations and mechanisms of cooperation. Further goals of the Initiative are to facilitate intergovernmental coordination and cooperation along the corridor Adriatic-Baltic-Black Sea and attract the proactive engagement of the business community for innovations and investments,” says this extract of the Office of President Grabar-Kitarovic website write-up on the Dubrovnik Forum.
‘The Three Seas Initiative is an informal one, but endorsed nevertheless by those that hold ultimate influence in the region. Its purpose is, according to Grabar-Kitarovic, not disassociation from the EU but removing differences between the EU members that have enjoyed the benefits of democracy, freedom and free market for decades and those that joined the EU later.

The Dubrovnik conference also discussed challenges faced by the EU such as Brexit and global challenges such as the migrant crisis, security and Russia’s influence.

Dubrovnik Forum
Three Seas Initiative discussion
Photo: Screenshot Office of President of Croatia

This Baltic-Adriatic-Black Sea (BABS) 2016 forum brought together an impressive gathering of power and decision-makers – six presidents and high-ranking government officials from 12 EU countries located between the three seas (Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) and also during the proceedings joined by non-EU countries Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. A panel discussion at the “Strengthening European energy security” looked at the benefits of energy cooperation in BABS and the role of LNG terminals linking north and south Europe.

Connecting the LNG terminal in Poland with one planned on the island of Krk in Croatia is among the energy projects that BABS region countries want to implement in order to boost competitiveness and development, Croatia’s president Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic and Poland’s president, Andrzej Duda, said addressing forum at the opening ceremony August 25.

President Duda pointed out the importance of energy connections. “The dominance of a single supplier for the region is harmful and dangerous”, he said adding that development of the gas corridor between the north and the south, as well as the LNG terminal on the island of Krk are important.

The next meeting of BABS will take place in Wroclaw in June 2017.

Lithuanian President
Dalia Grybauskaite
at Dubrovnik Forum
Photo: Visegradpost.com

Chinese and American speakers were also present at this Dubrovnik Forum. Chinese Ministerial Assistant for Foreign Affairs Liu Haixing in charge of Central and Eastern Europe region recalled that China was very interested in the development of the area. China believes it will serve her project of New Silk Road.

American General James L. Jones, president of Jones Group International and former adviser for the National Security of President Obama said that the development of the Three Seas Initiative must be an element not only for European development but also for security. General Jones stressed the use by Russia of her position as an energy supplier to increase her economic influence and to strengthen her geopolitical goals.

During the days of BABS Forum in Dubrovnik four countries Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Montenegro signed a memorandum of understanding with the executives of Azerbaijani oil and gas company SOCAR, which relates to the development of the Ionian Adriatic Pipeline (IAP)/ Trans-Adriatic-Pipeline (TAP) designed to bring gas from Shah Deniz 2 field in the Caspian Sea to EU through the so-called Southern Gas Corridor (SGC) after 2020.
Croatia’s economy minister Tomislav Panenic said that the future pipeline would provide gas supplies for south-eastern Europe. “We have defined our joint initiative for the development of the Ionian-Adriatic gas pipeline as a route that will make sure that these markets are provided with gas. We hope that this route will be a connection between the north and the south and that this may pave the way for a full liberalisation of the gas market in Europe,” he said, Croatian news agency Hina reported.

Dugopolje-Split Gas Pipeline works Photo: EVN/Seenews

Dugopolje-Split Croatia Gas Pipeline works
Photo: EVN/Seenews

In 2007, Croatia, Montenegro and Albania signed a declaration on the IAP, which is planned to carry natural gas from Albania’s Fier via Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, to Split in Croatia. IAP would be connected with the 870-kilometre Trans-Adriatic Pipeline (TAP), which should transport gas from Shah Deniz II, Azerbaijan, via Greece and Albania and the Adriatic Sea, to Italy. The IAP gas pipeline, with a length of 516 kilometers, is planned to have a capacity of five billion cubic meters annually.
Serbia, although in the region in question where or around which these gas supplies into Europe are to pass, was not represented at this BABS Forum in Dubrovnik. Most media would like us to think that Serbia’s absence from this important forum was associated with the recently soured relations and political tensions between Serbia and Croatia due to recent vicious political attacks by Serbian leadership against Croatia. But I reckon, given that Serbia is and always will be very close to Russia – it did not hurt Serbia’s political arithmetic not to attend Dubrovnik Forum where matters on the agenda such as gas supplies posed direct threats to sizeable Russian gas supplies to Europe, in the foreseeable future. Ina Vukic, Prof. (Zgb); B.A., M.A.Ps. (Syd)