Yugoslav secret police – Croatia, the War, and the Future

Croatia: Communist Crimes – Two Criminals Down Many Yet To Fall

August 7, 2016 by inavukic 32 Comments

Zdravko Mustac (L) Josip Perkovic (R)
Sentenced to life imprisonment
in relation to communist crimes of complicity in murder
of Croatian dissident
Stjepan Djurekovic

Croatia’s former Social Democrat (formerly known as League of Communists) government led by Zoran Milanovic as PM, as well as president Ivo Josipovic, had tried their utmost to avoid the extradition to Germany of former communist Yugoslavia secret police/UDBA operators, Josip Perkovic and Zdravko Mustac. They even passed a law in July 2013 (known as Lex Perkovic) three days before Croatia joined the EU, that prevented the extradition of Croatian citizens to other countries for crimes committed before 2002, hence ensuring no crime committed under the sheet of communist purges during the time of former Yugoslavia would be brought before the court regardless of the fact that in a civilised world murder has no statute of limitations. After Croatia’s courts had in 2014 ruled that Perkovic and Mustac could be extradited to Germany, extradition soon followed and the former head of Yugoslavia’s secret service, Zdravko Mustac, and a one-time subordinate, Josip Perkovic faced trial over accusations regarding the 1983 killing of a Croatian dissident in Bavaria, Stjepan Djurekovic for the first time in Munich in October 2014.
The German court in Munich had Wednesday 3 August 2016 found guilty of complicity in murder and sentenced the two former top Yugoslavian spies (spy chief Zdravko Mustac, 74, and ex-agent Josip Perkovic, 71) to life imprisonment for the 1983 murder of the Croatian national Stjepan Djurekovic, who was opposed to Yugoslav communist regime, in the then West Germany.

Stjepan Djurekovic

“The court finds that the accused Zdravko M. had asked the accused Josip P. to plan and prepare for the murder of Stjepan Djurekovic,” the court said in a statement, Deutsche Welle reports. The state prosecution had in its final words last week turned the crime of assisting in murder into participating or complicity in murder with intent, which carries a life sentence under German laws.

Djurekovic was one of 22 Croatians murdered on orders from Belgrade (Serbia/Yugoslav capital) in Germany between 1970 and 1989. Most of those cases remain untried. This time around, prosecutors successfully argued that the spies had sought to silence Djurekovic who had information about alleged illegal business dealings by the son of a leading Yugoslav politician. Djurekovic was killed (shot and bludgeoned with a meat clever) in a garage that was used as a print office in the Bavarian town of Wolfratshausen. He was shot multiple times and hit with a cleaver by three still unidentified people.

“The prime motive was to kill a regime critic, a separatist,” Manfred Dauster, the presiding judge, told the court on Wednesday. “Djurekovic

Judge Manfred Dauster

was to be muzzled – politically, but also physically.”

The finding was based on the fact that at the time, 1983, Zdravko Mustac was the chief of the Croatian arm of Yugoslav State Security Service

(more commonly known as State Security Administration/UDBA) while Josip Perkovic was in the position of head of Zagreb UDBA Section II (in charge of the department dealing with Croatian émigrés abroad) and was the immediate superior of the spy Krunoslav Prates (convicted 2008 and sentenced to life imprisonment for participating the murder of Stjepan Djurekovic) – Judge Manfred Dauster explained.

The defense had sought acquittal, citing a lack of evidence. Attorneys for Perkovic and Mustac plan to appeal the verdict to Germany’s federal high court. Should the sentences stick, Perkovic and Mustac could apply to serve them back home and if appeal does not succeed and life sentence stays then in Croatia that would translate to 40 years prison.
A reaction to this finding by Zoran Milanovic, leader of Social Democrats who is running as PM hopeful in the coming September elections, included “I am shocked by that court judgment … if it’s true (they committed those crimes) then they have received the most lenient of sentences … I regret this decision was not made in Croatia.”

What a repulsive, odious, low-life of a politician.

It was he, Zoran Milanovic, who headed to moves in 2013 in refusing to act on EU arrest warrants, who headed the government that introduced the law against extradition in 2013, it was he, Zoran Milanovic, who fought tooth and nail not to help the trial against Perkovic and Mustac get off the ground in Germany or anywhere else for that matter. It was, it is he, Zoran Milanovic, who leads all blockades against the processing of communist crimes.

Up until now, the need, the will and the ways to process and punish the horrific crimes committed for and on behalf of the communist regime of former Yugoslavia (including Croatia) had not truly or substantially found their effective expression. Many attempts have been sabotaged and alleged perpetrators and accomplices protected by those who call themselves antifascists (former communists, nostalgics for Yugoslavia). Those who pursued justice for victims of communist crimes were and still are branded fascists, revisionists, Nazis, Ustashas… To demonstrate the depravity of former communists’ sense of justice one can only revisit the 2014 trial against late Josip Boljkovac (friend of former president Stjepan Mesic, who is currently trying to resurrect himself into politics by being included on Social Democrats’ election ticket) relating to the murder in 1945 after WWII had ended of 21 innocent people where the Croatian court found that Josip Boljkovac was not really to blame (even if there were strong indications of his complicity in some body of evidence before the court) for their murder (or bear any responsibility) but that the real culprit was the communists system. How a system without people can murder people is only clear to former communists, it seems.

Many say the past should be left behind and we should all work towards the future but that stance in itself is cruel and unjust. It is a stance, without doubt, taken by those who have a great deal to lose and to admit. The only way to a better future is, in fact, to confront the past and punish all crimes against human life committed. The judgment brought down by the German court last week against Perkovic and Mustac puts names to the communist crimes perpetrated and this surely must serve as motivation and assistance in efforts to process as many communist crimes as possible. While national reconciliation is necessary, it would be a gross mistake to believe that collective amnesia and impunity will do any good. It will not because crime does not pay, in the end truth will out.

Seen as an absolute nightmare for 45 years after WWII by majority of Croatian émigrés, especially, and by most of those in Croatia in the HDZ/Croatian Democratic Union who were the driving force in the 1990’s creation of the modern independent state of Croatia, the baleful UDBA (communist secret service) managed to sneak through the recent war of Croatia’s secession (1991 – 1995) and survived the regime change/secession from Yugoslavia. It rallied behind the first president of Croatia Franjo Tudjman, in order to avoid “lustration”, with most of its senior executives becoming cogs in the new machinery of the new Croatian state, when they should have been lustrated or taken away from those positions. Ministries, the Parliament, media, big business, administrations, diplomacy — rare are public fields where these former “agents/suradnici” (aka “snitches”) don’t hold major positions. I guess such a mix was unavoidable in the beginnings, at times of war, but not for a moment longer.
If at last lustration does not occur in Croatia and new governments continue to be run by non-repentant old communists and their younger “liberal” offspring, the reticence or blatant refusal to pursue prosecution of communist crimes is bound to continue and the price to be paid is surely to be a form of eternal political unrest and intolerance.

Born in 1946 as part of the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Yugoslav communist secret service, the UDBA, was conceived as a counter-intelligence agency and a political police, the latter being by far its most important task. The UDBA consisted of four major sectors (“internal enemy,” “hostile emigration,” “foreign espionage,” “high tech espionage”). It employed hundreds of agents, analysts, and agents (“suradnici”), as well as thousands of snitches, i.e. informants (“informatori”). Founded as a dense conspiratorial network, it operated in various regional centres in ex- Yugoslavia, being active in all towns and villages in each constituent ex-Yugoslav republic. Unlike the traditional modus operandi of many other communist countries, local UDBA centres in ex-Yugoslavia enjoyed a large degree of autonomy with each local centre supervising the agents in its respective area. However, the 2nd Section was also in charge of hiring its own quota of undercover agents abroad.
The operatives of the 2nd Section were generally groomed for their prime targets: infiltration of Yugoslav and especially Croat émigrés abroad. As regards the Croatian emigration, the UDBA carried out at least 68 to 69 homicides, 5 abductions whose victims were later executed, 23 attempted murders (with several cases of severely injured victims), 4 abductions whose victims survived and 2 attempted kidnappings.
The 2nd Section in charge of émigrés, whom UDBA labelled as “hostile emigrants”, was particularly violent, as it didn’t hesitate to resort to “offensive” or “special” operations, i.e., assassinations. By bribing and manipulating common criminals (threatening them, or promising them impunity), by fabricating false documents and exerting the most infamous blackmails, it induced naive citizens in ex-Yugoslavia into suicidal plots, or framed them with offences they had never committed. In short, the 2nd Section run by Josip Perkovic – was quite simply an organised communist crime agency.

Efficient in its criminal plots, the UDBA did succeed in undermining the emigrants’ reputation by defaming them as “terrorists” in their host countries. For example, a famous case took place in Australia where, as a result of UDBA media manipulation, six young Croats (the “Croatian Six”) landed behind the bars for 15 years (see Hamish McDonald, “Framed: the untold story about the Croatian Six”, The Sydney Morning Herald of February 11th, 2012).

Robert Zagajski
In pursuit of truth about
his father’s death

Today, the malodorous UDBA ghosts and other Yugoslavian cloak and dagger circles are still haunting Croatia (and other former Yugoslav states, although, to a seemingly lesser degree Serbia, which was the heart of communist crimes plots operations). Twenty-five years after Croatia’s independence scores of former UDBA hit men of the former Yugoslav regime have not yet been properly and absolutely held to account, nor have they ever atoned for their crimes. There are also several hundreds of mass graves and pits across Croatia filled with bones and remains of innocent victims of communist crimes, for which no one has yet been held responsible, not even the communist regime by name. As to murders committed by UDBA agents and operatives such as the one for which the court in Germany has prescribed a life sentence the hopes for justice burn loud. Robert Zagajski, for instance, was 17 when his father was killed on the orders of the Yugoslav secret service in 1983 – the judgment against Perkovic and Mustac has given him the greatest hope so far that his father Djuro’s brutal death will cease to be an enigma and that someone will be made to answer for it. Ina Vukic, Prof. (Zgb); B.A., M.A.Ps. (Syd)

VISIT DOCUMENTARY SITE: TITO’S MURDER SQUADS – here

Filed Under: Uncategorized Tagged With: communist crimes, Communist Yugoslavia, Croatia, Croatian emigrants murdered by communists, Croatian Six, Franjo Tudjman, Germany, Ivo Josipovic, Josip Boljkovac, Josip Broz Tito, Josip Perkovic, Krunoslav Prates, lustration, Robert Zagajski, Stjepan Djurekovic, Stjepan Mesic, Tito's Murder Squads, UDBA, Yugoslav secret police, Yugoslav Secret Service, Zdravko Mustac, Zoran Milanovic

Communist Crimes: Tito’s Murder Squads Targeted All Croats Who Opposed His Regime

October 18, 2014 by inavukic 28 Comments

Defendants Josip Perkovic , left,
and Zdravko Mustac, second right,
former members of the Yugoslav secret service,
arrive for their trial in a Munich courtroom
Friday Oct. 17, 2014. A former head of Yugoslavia’s
secret service and a one-time subordinate
have gone on trial in Germany
over the 1983 killing of a Croatian national in Bavaria.
Zdravko Mustac and former subordinate Josip Perkovic,
who later created independent Croatia’s spy agency,
are both charged with being accessories
to the murder of Stjepan Djurekovic.
The dissident was shot and beaten on July 28, 1983
in a garage in Wolfratshausen, near Munich.
(AP Photo//Michaela Rehle,Pool)

How much the “West” will have to answer for – or at least express profound regret – as its complicity in Communist crimes is gradually revealed, may be something that will come to light in no other place but Germany. The past couple of decades have been marked with trickles of information, which suggested that the “West” was complicit in murders of Croatian nationals, who had sought refuge from Yugoslav Communist terror abroad. The complicity in this case would be defined by the “West’s” pandering to Communist Yugoslavia and its leader Josip Broz Tito, who served as a kind of a buffer zone between East and West during the Cold War of the last century. In this “pandering” and “wooing” of the cold-blooded murderer Tito by the “West” meant that Tito’s secret police could operate undisturbed and at times even with the assistance of police and secret services throughout that “West”.

The case of the “Croatian Six” in Australia, for example, has seen ample arrows pointing to the likelihood of police services assisting the Yugoslav secret police agents in their murderous, dirty work of persecuting and framing for terrorism freedom loving Croats in Australia.

There are ample cases of similar human darkness in aid of political maps across the Globe.
The former head of Yugoslavia’s secret service, Zdravko Mustac, and a one-time subordinate, Josip Perkovic – who later created independent Croatia’s spy agency, have gone on trial in Germany, on Friday 17 October 2014, over the 1983 killing of a Croatian dissident in Bavaria, Stjepan Djurekovic. They are both charged with being accessories to the murder. Djurekovic was shot and beaten on July 28, 1983, in a garage in Wolfratshausen, near Munich.
Both, Perkovic and Mustac, refused to testify on the charges against them as their trial opened and the Prosecutors allege that Mustac ordered Perkovic to plan and prepare Djurekovic’s killing.
Croatia, under its pro-communist government led by Zoran Milanovic and president Ivo Josipovic, initially refused to extradite Perkovic but bowed to German pressure, and pressure from Brussels, and sent him to Germany in January 2014. It extradited Mustac in April 2014.

The numerous murders of Croats in Germany by the communist Yugoslavia secret police, says Deutsche Welle “are among the longest unsolved murders in Germany: Up until the fall of the Berlin Wall, around 30 opponents of the Yugoslav regime were killed in the Federal Republic. Most of them were exiled Croats. The assassination orders came from Belgrade. For years, German investigators searched for the murderers and the people behind them. One of the masterminds was Josip Perkovic. German prosecutors believe the former high-level intelligence agent was responsible for the murder of Stjepan Djurekovic over 30 years ago. Now Perkovic has been indicted in Munich. Philipp Grüll and Frank Hofmann have been looking into this and many other cases. The result is a documentary as exciting as a thriller by John le Carré”.

The above documentary film released is titled “Tito’s Murder Squads” and absolutely eyes-opening, especially in aid of revealing how easy it was for Tito to gobble-up oceans of funds or loans from the West to maintain his Yugoslavia and to maintain the false economy whose main role was to glorify communism in the eyes of the ordinary people; the false sense of prosperity under communism, brainwashing millions and murdering more than a million of innocent people in the process. All Tito needed to do is to split from Joseph Stalin (Russia), which he did – starting in 1948 and finishing in 1955, and “milk and honey” flowed like a wild river from the West into his Yugoslavia while he hatched-up and set into motion secret plans to murder every Croat (or other national within Yugoslavia) who opposed his communist regime.

“Tito was marked by resistance to the Nazis and he was traumatised by the fact that the Croats had set up their own nation state with the help of the Nazis, and then fought against him. He never forgot that and for him the war continued. Now, against opponents in exile, like the Croats,” says the documentary film.

The founder of Yugoslavia, Josip Broz Tito, made no distinction between the fascists and democratic opponents. Tito’s Yugoslavia fought them all equally bitterly. They were all to be exterminated! After all, Tito was Stalin’s pupil and protégé regardless of the fact that he broke away from Stalin’s Russia. The “West” did, it seems, believe in Tito and his integrity when it comes to breaking away from Stalin but the truth is that the close bond between Yugoslav and Russian communists never entirely broke off; even today’s close relations of Serbia (Belgrade) with Russia are a testament to that fact, and these relations were cemented during Tito’s time in Belgrade, the capital city of former Yugoslavia.

The Yugoslav secret service went to any length to combat their communist regime’s opponents.

“At the time, our main interest was to find a way to diffuse tensions in Europe and to calm down relations with the Soviet Union,” says Klaus von Dahnanyi (SPD) Former German Deputy Foreign Minister (Close confidant of Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany 1969 – 1974) in the documentary film.

It was the Cold War era in Europe and East and West stood facing each other – weapons loaded. Germany’s Social Democrats were trying to find a way out of the confrontation; their new foreign politics also needed Tito’s help. Willy Brandt openly courted Yugoslav support.
“The issue of permeating The Wall was an overriding one, especially as far as Yugoslav was concerned, but also Romania too.

Tito’s Yugoslavia was caught between East and West, West Germany rolled out the red carpet in its then capital Bonn. Willy Brandt and the communist leader Tito – the two men’s friendship laid the foundation for a new political concept: to tie Yugoslavia to the West.

Germany supported the communist regime of Yugoslavia with loans. In the early 1970’s hundreds of millions of Deutschmark flowed from Bonn to Belgrade.

Meanwhile, the Yugoslav regime drew up a secret State directive for a special kind of war: the secret service was given the power to fight opponents of the state abroad – signed Josip Broz Tito.”

And so, the “West” left the door ajar for Tito’s Yugoslavia to “slip in” and build an enormous network of spies on its own soil. Croats who had fled or left communist Yugoslavia were spied on, shadowed, marked as enemies of Yugoslav state – the state that “West” decided was its “new-found” friend. Yugoslav Consulates and Embassies across the “West” became centres for the communist spy rings. Instructions to label all Croats terrorists and fascists, instructions to murder freedom from communism activists, instructions to frame Croats as terrorists, instructions to murder the leaders of communist opposition abroad came from Belgrade, the Yugoslav capital, as well as from other parts of Yugoslavia. The Yugoslav secret service drew up death lists and meticulously planned dozens of murders of Croatian nationals across the Globe.

Soon after the re-unification of Germany its then Foreign Minister Klaus Kinkel (who was West Germany’s minister of justice when the nation was unified) said this at a session of parliament in September 1991when speaking of communist crimes in East Germany: “We must punish the perpetrators. This is not a matter of a victor’s justice. We owe it to the ideal of justice and to the victims. All of those who ordered injustices and those who executed the orders must be punished; the top men of the SED (Socialist Unity Party of East Germany) as well as the ones who shot [people] at the wall.”

Aware that the feelings against communists were running high among their victims, Kinkel pointed to past revolutions after which the representatives of the old system were collectively liquidated. In the same speech before parliament, he said:

“Such methods are alien to a state ruled by law. Violence and vengeance are incompatible with the law in any case. At the same time, we cannot tolerate that the problems are swept under the rug as a way of dealing with a horrible past, because the results will later be disastrous for society. We Germans know from our own experience where this leads. Jewish philosophy formulates it in this way: ‘The secret of redemption is called remembering.’”

Months will pass before Perkovic and Mustac murder trials are over in Germany. Whether they are found guilty or innocent of the particular murder they are on trial for does not matter in the big scheme of things to do with communist crimes. What matters most is that this trial represents a dawn of a new future – the future that will not tolerate communist crimes cover-ups and the future, which will undoubtedly make use of the facts uncovered during this trial. For Croatia it will also mean that its political elite of former communists and antifascists will need to walk the streets lowering their head in shame. Tito’s Communist Yugoslavia secret police UDBA was worse than the WWII Hitler’s Gestapo when one only looks at the oppression and fear it spread, let alone the liquidations of its regime’s opponents that remain in part as unsolved murders but in their multitudes as skeletons buried in many hundreds of mass graves and dark underground pits across Croatia and the former Yugoslavia. Ina Vukic, Prof. (Zgb); B.A., M.A.Ps. (Syd)

Filed Under: Uncategorized Tagged With: antifascists, communist crimes, communist purges, Communist Yugoslavia, Croatia, Germany, Gestapo, Josip Broz Tito, Josip Perkovic, Klaus Kinkel, Stjepan Djurekovic, Tito's Murder Squads, UDBA, Yugoslav secret police, Zdravko Mustac

Croatia: Tito’s Granddaughter Wickedly Mocks Victims Of Communist Crimes

August 30, 2014 by inavukic 58 Comments

Portrait of Josip Broz Tito
Head of former Communist Yugoslavia
Painting in oil: Charles Billich

I have never come across a child, a grandchild, a brother, sister or spouse of a WWII Nazi war criminal who defended the actions of that war criminal who contributed to the horror the world knows as the Holocaust, or mocked their victims or the victims’ right to justice. To defend or justify such actions means absolute disregard and belittling of the victims, and is inhumane, to say the least. And to make a mockery of a mention of totalitarian regimes’ crimes is gut-wrenchingly appalling.

A process of serious and overdue reckoning with communist crimes in former Yugoslavia, which have been swept under the carpet for too long in the name of ‘antifascism’, has last week, 23 August, included commemorations at various mass graves in Croatia, filled with innocent Croats murdered by Josip Broz Tito’s communist totalitarian regime. Similar commemorations have been held in Croatia since 2011, remembering victims of both WWII Ustashe regime (allied at the time with Nazi Germany) and Partisans (Josip Broz Tito’s communists, leaning at the time to Russia’s Stalin and during the war gained support from the Allied forces).

Tomislav Karamarko
Photo: Anadolija

On the occasion of commemorating victims of all totalitarian regimes Tomislav Karamarko, leader of the largest parliamentary opposition party – Croatian Democratic Union /HDZ – said to journalists:
“That which is a tragedy, an absurdity in Croatia, is that we look at totalitarianisms with different diopters. Not we from HDZ, of course, but a part of the governing nomenclature of the left political structure, who call themselves socialists. That’s no left political option but nostalgia for Yugoslavia and the evidence of that is seen in their determined and hard protection of the person and the actions of the big criminal Josip Broz Tito. Even today, they would like to name streets and town squares after him and place busts of him in their offices.”

In this, Karamarko concluded, the Croatian victims are not recognised. “Today, we speak with sorrow and grief about the fact that in Croatia we cannot talk normally and freely about communist crimes. There are more than 900 mass graves (pits) in Croatia, in Slovenia there are 600 and in Bosnia and Herzegovina there are over 200 pits filled with Croatian bones and skeletons. We cannot speak about that because he who has the command responsibility for those crimes (Josip Broz Tito) still has his name on hundreds of streets and Croatian town squares,” said Karamarko.

Speaking as member of a panel commemorating the victims of totalitarian regimes in Dubrovnik during the week Karamarko announced that if HDZ wins government at the next elections in Croatia they would implement a partial lustration (removing individuals who held high positions in communist Yugoslavia from high public office in Croatia). He also said that he would remove Tito from town squares and streets and that they would revise the school textbooks to reflect Tito’s person and his actions and speak more openly about the post-WWII crimes committed by Tito’s Partisans.

What a great day for Croatia that would be! Croatia simply cannot move forward into true democracy until human rights to justice for all victims is achieved – no matter which side of politics perpetrated crimes against innocent people.

Sasa Broz

But wouldn’t you know it: out comes Tito’s granddaughter Sasa Broz! She reacts with derision and irony, mocking Karamarko and his announcements as to how he will deal with the crimes of communism, headed by her grandfather Josip Broz Tito.

Obviously, in this, mocking the multitudes of victims her grandfather sent to death.

She wrote on her Facebook timeline (ad this was picked up by the Croatian media): “Bravo for Karamarko, he is my new idol! It’s really not an easy job finding an adequate ‘medicine’ for our sick society. I knew my Prince would ride in one day, with warm deer glance, in a protective demeanour toward the Croatian nation. May you (Karamarko) live for a 1000 years!… Once the Croats are free from my grandfather’s damned soul I will vote in favour of all streets and town squares that held my grandfather’s name be renamed into the serene and noble Tomislav Karamarko Square – AMEN!…”

The depravity in this reaction by Tito’s granddaughter Sasa Broz is a reflection of what humiliation victims of communist crimes have to endure.

Tito consolidated his power in 1945, after WWII ended, by purging his government of non-communists and by holding fraudulent elections that legitimated the discarding of the Serb-led Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia was proclaimed under a new constitution in November 1945. Josip Broz Tito led the command of the murder of more than half a million Croats. Tito was no different to Stalin or Hitler – murder of innocent masses because of their anti-communist political orientation came easy.

He not only led the command for mass murders on Croatian soil after WWII, he sent his communist secret police army (UDBA) across the world to hunt down Croats who lived abroad, were anti-communists and wanted a free Croatia one day. Currently, two Croats (Josip Perkovic and Zdravko Mustac), operatives of “Tito’s communist exterminations”/Yugoslav Secret Police/UDBA, are before German courts in relation to murder of a Croat national that occurred in early 1980’s. Multitudes of assassinations of Croats by UDBA across the world remain undealt with and many like the Croatian Six in Australia were framed by UDBA (reportedly in collaboration with members of local authorities) for crimes of terrorism they never engaged in… In commenting on the Yugoslav UDBA infiltrating the Australian Federal Police and ASIO in the case of Croatian Six and the current events in the Middle East, Australian journalist Hamish McDonald has aptly concluded his recent article: “…What a heritage to take into the new war on terror. Their political masters have long just hoped it would fade into oblivion, but ASIO and the AFP could look at their files to see to what extent, consciously or not, they were manipulated by the UDBa into a great injustice”.
And Tito had fooled so very many. And Tito had charmed his way into the high society of the world, held a hero for breaking away from Stalin in 1948 and, yet, at all times he was a criminal with evidently insatiable thirst for the blood of all who stood in his way of totalitarian communist rule. The victims of his communist purges cannot rest or stand still until he is placed where he belongs – into the halls of shame and darkness. Perhaps his granddaughter Sasa knows this and has decided to employ mockery and irony as tools of attack against those, such as Tomislav Karamarko, who appear set on escalating justice for victims of communist crimes under her grandfather’s commands and tutelage. How utterly twisted and wicked. Ina Vukic, Prof. (Zbg); B.A., M.A.Ps. (Syd)